Amistad (film) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amistad (film) - Movie Review Example Unable to communicate in English, they await certain death for the offence of killing their captors. But the legal point of the case is highly interesting. The Abolitionist lawyer argues that they are not slaves at all, but the free citizens of another country. The case reaches out to Supreme Court where John Quincy Adams makes a brilliant argument for their release. Earlier, they are arrested by the American Navy. They are thrown into a dungeon and live in inhuman conditions, pending trial. The arrest of the slaves and seizure of the ship creates a big political storm, the issue reaches up to the President of the United States, Martin Van Buren (Nigel Hawthorne) The legality of the issue, having international ramifications, is highly complicated. The Africans are charged with insurrection on the high seas. Abolitionists work overtime trying to solve the case that takes complicated twists and turns. Besides the legalities of the issue, communication is a great problem, as no one is able to understand a word from the side of the African slaves. The problem of superstitious beliefs also intervenes. Here is Yamba, Cinque’s rival for power amongst the Africans, a convert to Christianity, and he has taken a novel stand on the impending death of slaves—that execution will lead them to a pleasant afterlife! In the meantime, the death of a young African provokes a strong protest that threatens to blow into a prison riot and rebellion. The high legal drama in the court begins with the help of the linguistic abilities of Covery, who is specially recruited for the task. Cinque is able to make a heart-rending presentation about his capture and the conditions of the slaves in general and especially the cruelties they suffered in the ship. This has been done through a series of flashbacks in the movie. Throughout the Middle Passage in the ship, rapes, tortures, random executions are carried out by the crew. He recalls how 50 people are deliberately pushed into the

History of Economic Thought Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Economic Thought - Term Paper Example These colonies after annexation could only trade with its colonizers. Policies such as export subsidies and tariff trade barriers further promote biased foreign trade. In essence, the aim was to encourage exportation and explicitly discourage importation (Murphy 2010, p.288). However, capital equipment or tools that would benefit foreign countries could not be exported. Nonetheless, governments supported exploitation of raw materials within the countries boundaries. Other states supported the growth of home industries by use of incentives such as exemption from tax or earning of pension for successful industries. Even immigration of competent laborers to foreign countries faced restriction to maintain competitive advantage (Harris 2004, p.3). Undoubtedly, governments saw this as a sure way of making their countries rich. As such, this theory spread quickly and lasted for over 200 hundred years as the dominant guideline to foreign trade. However, Vaggi (2003, p. 16) argues that mercan tilism rose in relation to the existing problem rather than a school of thought. The Renaissance period in Europe saw by far the greatest influence of this theory. Between the 15th and 18th century especially, governments embraced this doctrine that extended up to the early modern period. Countries such as France, Britain, Germany and Italy are some of the examples of countries that utilized this theory. These periods marked the decline of the feudal systems in Europe (Murphy 2010, p.289). There was tension within and outside Europe states as a result of wars mostly resulting from resistance to colonization and political aggregation caused by territorial expansion. The measure of wealth was in terms of precious metals, for instance, gold and silver and as such government sought out these metals with valor. The wars fought during this period aimed to acquire more gold and silver or alternately to prevent from losing gold and silver (Vaggi 2003, p.16). The main advocate for this theor y is the French man Jean-Baptiste Colbert. During his reign as the finance minister for France, he implemented many policies that endeavored to support this theory. For instance, foreign vessels received higher port duties while French vessels did not pay port duties. This theory in regard to Colbert’s policies took on a monopolistic structure. This is because the aim was to ensure that the state is the sole producer and hence supplier of products. The state also had complete control of the prices for both suppliers and consumers. In England, the most noted mercantilist was Thomas Mun. This form of trade had its advantages, and it helped the economy of those nations to grow considerably within that period. Case in point is the considerable reduction of the price of products within the economy because the state creates economies of scale. However, this is only realistic in regard to a purely competitive market structure. Economies of scale arise from the states ability to make abnormal profits from its trading activities. Secondly, industries are not afraid to take risks because the government supports them. This theory led to the growth of local industries and trade. Local companies became international trade powerhouses for instance former British East India Company. In regard to politics, this theory is by far the greatest advocator of Nationalism because its survival depended on it (Harris 2004, p.5). While the most noted influence to the decline of the

Richard and the Battle of Bosworth Essay Example for Free

Richard and the Battle of Bosworth Essay On 22nd August 1485, King Richard III lost the Battle of Bosworth to Henry Tudor. One of the main reasons for him losing was due to his unpopularity with the people and his nobles. Richard was disliked by many of his nobles because he gave power to nobles from the north, which he knew, annoying the nobility in the south of England. This meant that in the battle he had little support, and some of his nobles, such as the Stanley’s fought for Henry. Richard was also disliked by the people of England. He seized the crown in 1483, and rumours spread that he killed his two nephews. This made him disliked, and few people supported him. Another reason Richard lost the Battle of Bosworth was because of the Stanley’s changing sides. The Stanley’s controlled around 6000 of Richards troops, around half of his overall army. Although the Stanley’s began the battle on the side of Richard, they changed during the battle. This meant that Richard has far fewer troops than he may have anticipated, and had the Stanley’s not changed sides, it is possible that Richard would have won. Many of Richards other nobles were also unreliable, such as Northumberland. He did not help Richard when he needed it, refusing to bring in Richards reserves, and eventually surrendering, giving Henry an advantage over Richard, helping him to win. Another reason Richard lost was because of the support Henry had from the King of France. In 1485, the King of France wanted to distract Richard from invading France, so he gave Henry an army to invade England. When Henry landed in Wales with these extra men, many people joined him on his march through Wales to Bosworth, increasing the size of his army greatly. Another factor leading to the defeat of Richard at the Battle of Bosworth was Richards’s hesitance on the battlefield. Richard did not take advantage by attacking Oxford whilst he was deploying his troops. This allowed Oxford to launch an attack on Norfolk, who was soon killed. Although Surrey takes command, Richard lost men fast. Richard was so hesitance because he was so unsure of his support. A final factor which lead to the defeat of Richard at the Battle of Bosworth was the growing mistrust for Richard. Many Yorkists became so unhappy with the situation in England that they looked elsewhere for help. Many of them turned to Henry, and supported him in training and creating an army for him to fight with. This support from people once loyal to Richard led to him losing the battle because he did not have enough people fight for him, as many people in England were behind Henry.

Different Networking Systems Advantages and Disadvantages

Different Networking Systems Advantages and Disadvantages Local Area Network: Local Area network is isolated network. Generally, It is build in a physical location. such as office, home etc. Computers are connected to each other by a small server and also connected to the wide area network (Internet). This types of networks are very usefull for sharing data likes files, small or big document, play network games etc. Metro Politian Area Network(MAN) : Metropolitan area network is a large computer network where computers are connected with each other from different geographical location. Its structure and built process are quite similar with LAN the only difference its spans an entire city or a selected are like college or university campus or a commercial area. We can get a shared network connection form MAN. Wide Area Network (WANs): Wide area network is similar to a Local area network but here all other device connected to each other by fiber-optic cables, telephone line or a satellite links. Networking Topologies: Bus: Every node or device are individually linked up to successive other device or other node . Its a very simple network but its has sum troubleshooting network issues . such as if a node is not working then how can anyone find the error node. Other way it has data redundancy issues. Ring: It quite similar to bus network topologies. It has no termination like bus topologies. The main reason is that this topologes has no end it related to each other like a circle. this network has some fault such as difficulty of adding a new node to a token ring network. Star: In this netwrok each and every node maintains an itotally individual connection to a switch, where all other nodes are connected. It has a direct connection with swithch to node. the weakness are need more wire to setup a network. Mesh: In this topology every node conected with each other node. It generally used in warreless network. It need a large amount of overhead which very difficult to manage+ Hybrid: This is simply a topology referring to the case where more than one topology is utilized. ti is the combination of star and ring topology. 1.2 Evaluate the impact of current network technology, communication and standards. Answer: OSPF: It is a routing protocol generally used for larger network either a single network or a group network. It is designed by Internet Engineering Task Force. It can also used as a Gateway Protocol. FTP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is mainly a standard protocol of Network which is used to transfer data from client to host or one server to another server . If user or admin want to upload a file on a website he or she needs a username, password and host address. SMTP: Simple mail transfer protocol is like a media which transfers e-mail. SMTP always work with POP3 service. TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol is a set of a protocol stack. Basically it is tow different protocol. TCP/IP is closely related with FTP, SMTP, HTTP. 1.3 Discuss how protocols enable the effective utilisation of different networking systems. Network Protocols are ensure proper utilisation of different network system. OSI model Layer 2 protocol is data link protocol which handles the physical and logical connections to the packets destination using a network interface card (NIC). Layer 3 Protocol called Internetwork Protocol (IP) it is also called network layer protocol it work for routing, directing datagrams from one netwrok to another. IP protocol always analysis larger datragrams and identify each and every host with a 32-bit IP address. Layer 4 protocol are TCP, UDP. Transmission Control Prtocol (Tcp0 establishes connections between two hosts on the network through sockets which are determined by the IP address and port number. one the other side provides a low overhead transmission service, but with less error checking. 2.1 Discuss the role of software and hardware components. Answer: Software: All Network software consists of the programs and protocols which required to connect computers together. Their primary purpose are data inter connect each other, data sharing. Application sharing: For application sharing all computer use same platform to connect and manage computer. If a network share application software platform to connect then it can reduce network cost. Hardware or Peripheral sharing: Network software also share hardware such as phone, fax, printer etc. A printer connected with ser with server and all other computer can share that computer. Management and Security: Network software provide some mechanism to maintain proper security of data and its can make backup copy of valuable date. It can monitor and make a digital report on resource utiliaation and efficiency. Operating System: Windows or Linux system. Hardware: Network Interface card (NIC) Hub Switches Bridges Routers Gateway Modems 2.2 Discuss server types and selection requirement. Answer: For the given scenario I would prefer a window server and here I want to clear my intension by full filing server selection requirement. So If any admin want to select a server types then admin must follow, server, proxy servers, web server, mail server, FTP server, SMTP server. Here I try to mention server and its work Server: A Server designed to get request or to process requests from other device or node(client) and deliver or process data to other node or client over a local network, or the wide area network. Now a days we find plenty of servers around us. So, I try to figure out some common server types: Proxy Servers: A proxy server like a middle man between a client and a real server. Here client means a web browser such as Internet explorer or chrome. When a client make a inquiry then web browser its try to solve it, otherwise web browser forward the query to the real server. In this way a proxy server reduce search time. A proxy server also used to filter request. A network admin used it to control unauthorized web access. Such as: many company block facebook, online game site etc Mail Servers: A mail server used for delivers e-mail over a network or over the internet. This types of servers receive e-mails from other nodes or users and send the mail to correct node or client. Web Servers: Web server generally a server which commonly used to host websites. Its deliver web page with content to client site and all the content are plain HTML documents or a image. Application Servers: Application server generally called appserver. It is a software which controlled all application between users and an server. Real-Time Communication Servers FTP Servers: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is mainly a standard protocol of Network which is used to transfer data from client to host or one server to another server . If user or admin want to upload a file on a website he or she needs a username, password and host address. Server types selection is an important step for a new network. To select a server for office or a home is not easy its seems quite complicated. So an administer should make his own criteria to select server type. So, I try to set some criteria. Software requirements: Comment Operating systems (OS) Windows CPU type and speed Lattes Expansion/Upgrade Criteria Must Drive types, space, and speeds Lattes Physical characteristics Yes Brand Intel(Processor), HP (Network Printer) 2.3 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with network components. 3.1 Design a networked system to meet a given specification. Answer: Design of a computer network systems first think about a central device which could be a switch or a router, A central server, a pc for every users, hard ware components . Office PrinterLife Insurance company Router Agent 6 Agent 4 Server Agent 2 Agent 5 Life Insurance Company Network Structure Agent 3 Hardware requirement: Name Quantity Comment Server 1 Main Server Printer 1 Network Printer Router 7 Main Router, Office and Agents Switch 1 Central switch PC 9 Main office and agents Software requirement: 1. Windows 7 2. Internet connection 3.2 Evaluate the design and analyse user feedback. Answer: 4.1 Implement a networked system based on a prepared design 4.2 Test the network system to meet user requirements. 4.3 Document and analyse test results against expected results 4.4 Recommend potential enhancements for the networked systems. 4.5 Design a maintenance schedule to support the networked system.

The Importance of Volunteerism Essay -- Contribution to My Community Se

In social science, economists argue that people act in their personal best interest; in contrast, volunteers willingly share their talents and provide services to others with no obligation or any incentive for personal gain. Volunteers have made significant contributions to charitable, educational, and worthwhile causes within a small community to foreign countries with no boundaries. Undeniably, the exchange of thoughts and experiences are extended through the volunteer process. With flexibility in time and summer vacations, university students are a large majority in the volunteer force around the world The involvement in volunteerism and extracurricular activities are not only beneficial to both the individual student and to the society, but are crucial factors to the university experience with evidence from my three years stay at Queen’s University. University students are under the advantage to network and alleviate academic stress from their participation in volunteerism and extracurricular activities. As a student ambassador of Queen’s Student Alumni Association (QSAA), I was given the chance to become more connected to the student body, the alumni around the world, and the history of Queen’s University. Singing the Oil Thigh at football games and making cheers of Chai Ghai during homecoming celebrations with QSAA had made me even prouder of being associated to Queen’s University. My exploration of Queen’s traditions was further enhanced from my support to QSAA hosting social events of Crunch Brunch and Grad BBQ to each year’s upcoming graduating class. In addition, my friend groups had expanded broader with my engagement to the Queen’s Dance Club (QDC). Every Sunday dance class had became a highlight in my university li... ...tion, but most importantly my volunteer experience along with the numerous other students have made university lives strongly connected to current events and the rest of the world. Therefore, not only are the student activities valuable to students themselves, but also to the overall society. Compassion and passion developed from higher intellectual thinking and awareness of the surroundings provide the gigantic motives in university student volunteerism and activities. From the involvement in these actions, a more colourful university life is portrayed with significant contribution to personal growth and social impact. As a consequence, I will definitely continue my participation in student volunteerism and extracurricular activities as it provides the fundaments to my university experience as the voyage is as worthwhile and rewarding as receiving a diploma.

Corporate Governance Essay examples -- Business Management Essays

Corporate Governance Corporate Governance is the relationship between the shareholders, directors, and management of a company, as defined by the corporate character, bylaws, formal policies and rule laws. The corporate governance system was designed to help oversee the decisions and best interest of the shareholders. The system should works accordingly: The shareholders elect directors, who in turn hire management to make the daily executive decisions on the owner’s behalf. The company’s board of director’s position is to oversee management and ensure that the shareholders interest is being served. Corporate governance focus is with promoting enterprise, to improve efficiency, and to address disputes of interest which can force upon burdens on the business. Ensuring that the clearness, and truth in a company’s business can make contribution to improving the enterprise standards and public governance. What created corporate governance is still a question of debate? It is a developing order control system, and one in which little has been rearranged from the outlook of developing and transition economies. From the corporation’s outlook, the developing system’s general agreement is that the purpose of corporate governance is to increase the firm’s value, subject to meeting the corporation’s financial and other legal obligation. They believe that the extensive meaning stresses the need for boards of directors to balance the interest of capital providers with those of stakeholders in order to achieve long term maintained commercial success. While on the other hand, the public believe the purpose of corporate governance is to nature the spirit of the company while ensuring accountability for the exercise of power and special privileges by the firm. The role of the public policy is to provide firms with the incentives and discipline to minimize the difference between private and social returns, and to protect the interest of stakeholders. Corporate governance has become an issue of worldwide importance. Corporations have a role to play in promoting economic development and social progress therefore they must have the best members on the board to assure good standards. Board members and directors should possess certain characteristics that will allow them to make good decisions for the firm. The appropriate characteristics should be possessed by each c... ...lling away from the company. This new Nasdaq rule is suppose to make investors and the public aware of what is happening with the company weather its conflict of interest or other corporate abuse. They also believe it will give investors more confidence in the companies that they invest their money in. The new rule should prevent a bad company from showing dishonest behavior. Many agree that there will not really be a change for companies that are doing business correctly already. All it really will do is show the public who the bad companies are and see them as they are put to justice. The bottom line to the whole scenario is â€Å"all honest people are honest people and crooks are crooks†. It has been said that this new rule will only make the bad people work harder to be bad and continue wrongful doings to learn new ways to bet the corporate governance system. Face it the bottom line is if you want something done right you have to do it yourself, but how could one person have some many obligations to meet for a company when they will face problems also. Hopefully along with the new Nasdaq rule and obedience board directors corporate governance will become better with in time.

Civil Liberties, Personal Freedoms, and US Law Enforcement Essay

Americans would like to believe that they have freedoms that are available to people in no other country on earth. In a very real way, this statement is true. We are free to criticize the people who govern us in a manner unavailable in most countries, without expecting retribution. Public access is available to many, if not most government buildings. The American process of governing is relatively transparent. All of these things have created a great expectation of freedom, or at least liberty, in this country. And yet, the nature of liberty and freedom, as well as how these thing interact with law enforcement, are not well understood by many Americans. Freedom vs. Liberty Although the concepts of liberty and freedom are related, they are not the same. The United States of America, as noted above, allows many kinds of freedom. There is freedom â€Å"from† things, such as absolute government control of lives and freedom â€Å"to† things, as in freedom to choose a school or a career, rather than having such a thing assigned. Freedom consists of the ability to move about at will, personal liberty, and civil liberty. In philosophical terms, freedom is the â€Å"power to exercise choice and make decisions without constraint from within or without; autonomy, self-determination (â€Å"freedom,† n. d. ). Although liberty is used as part of the definition of freedom, they are not identical concepts. Liberty, however, is freedom from such things as outside control in an individual’s personal choices, from captivity, and â€Å"freedom from arbitrary or despotic government or control† (â€Å"liberty, n. d. †). It can be seen, then, that of the freedoms that Americans expect to have are composed of both freedom–the freedom to†Ã¢â‚¬â€œand liberty–the â€Å"freedom from. Without civil liberties, Americans would find themselves facing an increased number of forcible actions from their own government, as well as potential attempts to infringe upon those liberties from outside. Americans and Civil Liberties Americans have always taken their civil liberties seriously. State seals and mottos refer to liberty. The New Jersey state motto is â€Å"Liberty and Prosperity,† while text on the Massachusetts Great Seal once read, â€Å"By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty. † Patriotic songs refer to the nation as being the â€Å"sweet land of Liberty. From the beginning, then it can be assumed that Americans have expected â€Å"freedom from,† liberty, particularly freedom from tyranny. In today’s world, the concept of tyranny can take many forms. Racial profiling is often considered to be one form of tyranny, although it is not always simple to assess when it occurs (Barkan, 2005). Research from the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research [IPPSR] indicates that Americans largely favor the protection of civil liberties, even when responding after a crisis. However, the degree to which people are willing to accept changes to policies that affect civil liberty will vary based on race and ethnicity, political ideology, the area in which they live, and more (ISPPR, 2002). One significant influence on whether these changes should occur is that of trust in law enforcement (ISPPR, 2002). According to xxxx (2002): citizens with low trust in local law enforcement give 6. 7 (out of 8) pro-civil liberties responses, while citizens with moderate trust give 5. 4 pro-civil liberties responses, and citizens with high trust give only 4. 7 pro-civil liberties responses. p. 4) These findings are significant to this paper in that the lack of trust in local law enforcement seems as if it is often both the cause and the result of the effects of policing on the community. If people have contact with policing agencies that allows them freedom to do something, then they feel comfortable with the amount of civil liberty that they have and may consider adjustments to that liberty. If individuals in a society feel as if they already have little freedom, then they will necessarily feel as if the amount policing that is permitted should not vary, at least not by increasing it. New Policing† The methods for policing seem to be changing worldwide, shifting from public policing to private policing. These changes seem to be occurring primarily in democratic societies, which have looser control over individuals’ lives. According to Ashcroft (2001), democratic governments can accommodate diverse centers of power, whereas authoritarian regimes cannot. Democratization facilitates restructuring by providing political space into which it can grow. As political pluralism increases, so too do the auspices that want to share responsibility for policing. (p. 28) Why, then, are democratic nations more difficult to police than others might be? The answer appears above: authoritarian regimes maintain control of their citizens by coercion and force, which does not permit decentralized policing of their nations. They do not have the freedom from, not in many capacities, and for this reason their citizens are not at liberty to act or to decide what changes that the government that can affect their lives. ecause they do not have the freedoms â€Å"from† that Americans have, the government can decide what police actions must be taken, when they will be taken, and what form these actions will take. The reason that Americans are so shocked by such events as the Kent State actions, the actions taken at Ruby Ridge or those taken against the Branch Davidians, is that they appear to be so totalitarian. Americans expect better of their le aders and respond with words that indicate they feel betrayed and, sometimes, those betrayed feelings result in votes being withheld. Democratic nations are so difficult to police because their policing mechanisms are so diverse and are so dispersed. In addition, actions taken against the citizens require a reason and a precedent, unlike policing actions in authoritarian or totalitarian states, which need no apparent precedent to act. Conclusion Democratic nations require balance between the citizens, their government, and their policing agencies. Citizens must feel that they have value and that they are safe from unprecedented police actions, even from their own government. Such nations are difficult to police because only authoritarian nations is it possible to have access to the â€Å"easy† method of policing that involves force. While it is not impossible even for a democratic nation to have policing actions that involve force, they incite comment because they are unusual and frequently cause outrage. Policing a democratic nation is difficult because democracy is hard. To accept policing that negatively affects either freedom or liberty–or both–results in a nation that has fewer civil liberties, as well.